Different Types of Shallow Foundation?

Hi,

Knowing about foundation is crucial if you are planning to build a home. I realised while I was getting my home constructed that it is not just the task of the builder or the architect to know about these specific details like

types of shallow foundation, but also the task of the homeowner to understand about them and select them according to their use and needs. So, I am going to help you comprehend this on the basis of my knowledge about it.

A shallow foundation is one whose width is greater than, or equal to, its depth. The term "shallow foundation" refers to this kind of foundation, which is frequently employed in load-bearing buildings. When soil layers up to 1.5 metres deep (shallow foundations) can support the structural loads, they are built. Shallow foundations often have a depth that is less than their breadth.

Different Types of Shallow Foundations

The different types of shallow foundation are:

1. Strip Footing

For a load-bearing wall, there is a strip footing available. For a row of columns that are so closely spaced from one another that their spread footings touch or overlap, a strip footing is also provided. In this scenario, a strip footing is more cost-effective than several spread footings in a single line. Continuous footing is another name for a strip footing.

2. Spread or Isolated Footing or Individual Footing

To support a single column, a spread footing—also known as an isolated footing, a pad footing, or an individual footing—is offered. A spread footing is a slab with a uniform thickness that might be circular, square, or rectangular. In order to distribute the load across a large area, it is occasionally stepped or haunched.

3. Combined Footing

Two columns are supported by a single footing. When columns are so adjacent to one another that their respective footings would overlap, this technique is used. When the entire property is so near to one column that a spread footing will be eccentrically loaded if kept totally within the property line, a combination footing is also offered. It is combined with an inner column to evenly disperse the load. A combined footing might have a trapezoidal or rectangular plan.

4. Strap or Cantilever Footing

Two separate footings are joined together with a construction strap or a lever to form a strap (or suspension) footing. The strap joins the two footings, causing them to function as a single unit. The strap is made to be rigid like a beam. The separate footings are created in a way such that their aggregate line of action crosses the overall load result. When the permitted soil pressure is very high and the length between the columns is great, a strap footing is much more cost-effective than a combination footing.

5. Mat or Raft Foundations

The entire system or a significant portion of the structure is accompanied by a set of columns and walls on top of a mat or raft foundation, which is a sizable slab. When the permitted soil pressure is low or the columns and wall are close enough that the separate footings would intersect or be in close proximity to one another, a mat is necessary. When the weights on individual columns vary greatly or the soil is not uniform, mat foundations can help reduce differential settlements.

Now you know about the

types of shallow foundation.