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What is Business in Income Tax?

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Recently, one of my friends asked what is business in income tax. In the context of income tax, the term "business" refers to any economic activity that involves the exchange of goods or services with the intent of earning a profit. Under the Income Tax Act, 1961, this includes not only trade or commerce but also activities like manufacturing, provision of services, and any organised or systematic endeavor aimed at generating income.

  • Income earned from a business falls under the category of "Profits and Gains from Business or Profession" and is taxable under this head. Here’s a breakdown of what constitutes business income for tax purposes in India:

  • The scope of "business" includes any profession, trade, commerce, or manufacturing activity. It can be carried out by individuals, partnerships, companies, or other entities. Businesses can range from sole proprietorships and small shops to large corporations.

  • Business income is calculated by deducting expenses incurred for business operations from gross receipts or turnover. These expenses include rent, employee salaries, utility bills, travel expenses, and the cost of raw materials. The resulting figure is the net taxable income from business.

  • The Income Tax Act allows the use of Section 44AD (Presumptive Taxation Scheme) for small businesses with a turnover of up to Rs 3 crore. Under this scheme, a fixed percentage of the turnover is considered as taxable income, simplifying tax calculations.

I hope you get an idea of the business meaning in income tax.

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